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A plate with an elliptical hole in the centre, with semi-major axis (a) perpendicular to the direction of loading and semi-minor axis (b) along the direction of loading, is subjected to a pull P. The maximum stress induced at the edge of the hole is equal to (where Ïƒ = Stress for a plate with no hole i.e. nominal stress)

$\sigma(1 + \frac { b } { 2a })$