Civil Engineering :: Structural Design Specifications
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Pantagraph is used for
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If the angular measurements of a traverse are more precise than its linear measurements, balancing of the traverse, is done by
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The branch of surveying in which both horizontal and vertical positions of a point, are determined by making instrumental observations, is known
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In levelling operation
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If the rate of gain of radial acceleration is 0.3 m per sec3 and full centrifugal ratio is developed. On the curve the ratio of the length of the transition curve of same radius on road and railway, is
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The latitude of a traverse leg is obtained by multiplying its length by
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For a curve of radius 100 m and normal chord 10 m, the Rankine's deflection angle, is
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A uniform slope was measured by the method of stepping. If the difference in level between two points is 1.8 m and the slope distance between them is 15 m, the error is approximately equal to